For a patient injured by a suicide bomber, when should testing for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) be obtained?

Testing for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should be conducted as soon as possible after exposure to potential bloodborne pathogens, which includes situations like injuries from a suicide bomber. Immediate testing allows for the rapid identification of any infections that may have occurred as a result of the exposure, which is crucial for informing post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) protocols.

In cases of possible exposure to these viruses, timely intervention is key to preventing the establishment of infection. For HBV, if the individual is not vaccinated, post-exposure prophylaxis can be initiated, and for HIV, early diagnosis can lead to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy if needed. Not performing the tests at the time of exposure could delay treatment and increase the risk of complications from these infections.