Nerve agents primarily consist of what two classes?

Nerve agents are primarily categorized into two classes: carbamates and organophosphates. Both of these classes function by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is critical for proper nerve function, leading to an accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses. This overaccumulation results in continuous stimulation of muscles, glands, and the central nervous system, ultimately causing respiratory failure and other systemic effects.

Carbamates are typically less potent but can still pose significant health risks, while organophosphates are known for their high toxicity and are commonly used in both agricultural applications and as chemical warfare agents. Understanding these two classes is essential for medical personnel in identifying and managing the effects of nerve agent exposure effectively. Proper recognition of these classes aids in timely intervention and treatment strategies for affected individuals, making the distinction crucial for any medical professional involved in emergency response or military operations.