What are the three major snakebite syndromes?

The correct answer identifies the three major snakebite syndromes as neurotoxic, cytotoxic, and hemotoxic, which reflect the varying mechanisms by which snake venoms can cause harm to the human body.

Neurotoxic syndromes involve venom that primarily affects the nervous system. This can lead to symptoms such as paralysis, respiratory failure, or other disruptions in normal neural function. The action of neurotoxins typically targets the neurotransmitters or the neuromuscular junction, which can result in significant and sometimes rapid onset of symptoms.

Cytotoxic syndromes are characterized by the destructiveness of the venom at the cellular level, often causing local tissue damage. This can lead to swelling, pain, necrosis, and sometimes systemic issues if the venom spreads throughout the body. Understanding cytotoxic effects is essential for providing appropriate first aid and medical treatment following a snakebite.

Hemotoxic syndromes impact the blood and vascular system. Such venom can induce coagulopathy, which affects the blood's ability to clot and increases the risk of bleeding. This type of venom can also affect the integrity of blood vessels, potentially leading to hemorrhage and shock.

By recognizing these distinct syndromes, responders to snakebite incidents can better assess the situation and implement suitable