What is a common complication caused by water inhalation during drowning?

Atelectasis is the collapse or partial collapse of a lung or section of the lung. In the context of drowning, water inhalation often leads to a situation where the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs) fill with water, preventing effective gas exchange. This can result in atelectasis because the presence of water disrupts the normal inflation of the alveoli, leading to areas of the lung that cannot effectively participate in breathing.

When the alveoli collapse or cannot expand properly, it hinders ventilation and can exacerbate respiratory distress typically seen in drowning victims. This can subsequently lead to reduced oxygen levels in the bloodstream and can worsen the overall condition of the individual. In severe cases, atelectasis can contribute to further respiratory complications, emphasizing its significant link to water inhalation during drowning incidents.